用英语学法语:what在法语中怎么说?
法语学习者在遇到用法语说“what”时会有些困扰。是该用“que”还是用“quoi”,还是用麻烦的“quel”?了解它们之间的区别才是懂得正确运用的关键。
在英语中,what有很多语法功能,它可以是疑问代词,或者疑问形容词、相对代词、感叹形容词、副词,或者介词宾语,可能会出现在句子中任何一个位置。相反的是,法语中对于这些可能性都有不同的表达,包括:que、qu'est-ce qui、quoi、comment,以及quel。为了了解它们如何使用,就需要了解它们起什么作用。
在用“what”作为主语或宾语的问句中,法语对等的表达是疑问代词“que”。
1. 作为问句的宾语时,que后面可以跟倒装句或者接est-ce que。例句:
What do you want?
What are they watching?
What is it/that?
2. 当que是主语时,后面必须跟est-ce qui. (不要错以为qui在这里指“who”,在这样一个结构里,qui没有实际含义。)
What's happening?
What made that noise?
如果是接在动词后面的问句,用quoi,注意这是非正式的结构,例句:
You want what?
What's that? (Literally, That's what?)
当"what"处在两个句子中时,例句:
1. 如果"what"是从句的主语,用ce qui(同样,这里的qui指的不是“谁”的意思):
I wonder what's going to happen.
All that glitters is not gold.
2. 当"what"是从句宾语时,用ce que,例句:
Tell me what you want.
I don't know what she said.
当"what"后面接名词,用quel(字面上指的是"which"),可以是疑问形容词或者感叹形容词:
What (which) book do you want?
(At) What time are you going to leave?
What (which) are the best ideas?
What an interesting book!
What a good idea!
当"what"接在介词后面的时候,用quoi。后面接倒装句或者加est-ce que,例句:
What are you talking about?
What is he shooting at?
在有从句的问句中,用quoi + 主语 + 动词,例句:
Do you know what he's thinking about?
I wonder what it's written with.
a) 当遇到需要带上de的动词或短语,用ce dont,例句:
That's what I need.
I don't know what she's talking about.
b) 当à是介词,放在从句开头或者c'est后面,用ce à quoi,例句:
What I'm waiting for is an invitation.
That's what Chantal dreams about.
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本内容为沪江法语原创翻译,转载请注明出处。