The French verb passer usually means to pass, and is also used in many idiomatic expressions.

passer to pass

to go over/under/through
  (movie, music) to show, put on

(time) to spend
  (liquid) to strain
   
passer + clothing to slip on/into
passer + infinitive to go do something
passer à la douane to go through customs
passer à la radio/télé to be on the radio/TV
passer à pas lents to pass slowly
passer de bouche en bouche to be rumored about
passer des faux billets to pass forged money
passer devant Monsieur le maire to get married
passer du coq à l'âne to change the subject, make a non sequitur
passer en courant to run past
passer en revue to list
  (figurative) to go over in one's mind, go through
  (military) to (pass in) review, to inspect
passer (en) + ordinal number to put in ___ gear
passer l'âge de to be too old for
passer l'arme à gauche (fam) to kick the bucket
passer la journée/soirée to spend the day/evening
passer la main dans le dos à qqun to butter someone up
passer la tête à la porte to poke one's head around the door
passer le cap to get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdle
passer le cap des 40 ans to turn 40
passer le poteau to cross the finish line
passer les bornes to go too far
passer les limites to go too far
passer les menottes à qqun to handcuff someone
passer par to go through (an experience or intermediary)
passer par de dures épreuves to go through some rough times
passer par toutes les couleurs de l'arc-en-ciel to blush to the roots of one's hair, to turn pale (out of fear)
passer par l'université to go through college
passer pour to take for, be taken for
passer qqchose à qqun to pass/hand something to someone
passer qqchose aux/par profits et pertes to write something off (as a loss)
passer qqchose en fraude to smuggle something
passer qqchose sous silence to pass something over in silence
passer qqun à tabac to beat someone up
passer qqun par les armes to shoot someone by firing squad
passer sa colère sur qqun to take out one's anger on someone
passer sa mauvaise humeur sur qqun to take out one's bad mood on someone
passer sa vie à faire to spend one's life doing
passer son envie de to satisfy one's craving for
passer son permis (de conduire) to take one's driving test
passer son tour to miss one's turn
passer sur (detail, mistake) to pass over, overlook
passer un caprice à qqun to humor someone
passer un coup de fil à qqun to give someone a call
passer un examen to take/sit a test
passer un livre à qqun to loan someone a book
passer un marché to make a deal
passer une visite médicale to get/have a physical
   
dire tout ce qui passe par la tête to say whatever comes into one's head
faire passer qqchose aux/par profits et pertes to write something off (as a loss)
faire passer qqun pour to make someone out to be
laisser passer to let in/through/past
pour faire passer to wash down, to help (food) down
pour passer le temps to pass the time
     
en passant in passing, on one's way
soit dit en passant by the way, incidentally
   
Un ange passe. There's an awkward silence.
Ça fait du bien par où ça passe ! (inf) That's just what the doctor ordered!
Ça fait passer le temps It passes the time
Ce n'est qu'un mauvais moment à passer It's just a rough patch, bad spell
Comme le temps passe vite ! Time flies!
Et j'en passe ! And that's not all!
Une idée m'est passé par la tête I had an idea
Je ne fais que passer I can't stay, I'm just passing through
Je vous passe + name (on the phone) I'm putting you through to ___, Here's ___
Nous sommes tous passés par là We've all been through that
On lui passe tout He gets away with anything, He gets whatever he wants
Par où es-tu passé ? Which way did you come?
Passez-moi l'expression (If you'll) pardon the expression
Passez-moi du feu Give me a light
Passons Let's move on, Let's not talk about that (any more)
Qu'est-ce qu'il lui a passé (comme savon) ! (inf) He really laid into him, gave him a rough time!
Tu (le) fais passer You pass it around
   
se passer to take place
  (time) to pass, go by
  to give, pass to each other
se passer de to do without
se passer de commentaires to speak for itself
se passer la main dans le dos to pat one another on the back
se faire passer pour to pretend to be, pass oneself off as
   
Ça ne se passera pas comme ça ! I won't stand for that!
Je me passe de tes conseils ! I can do without your advice!
Je ne sais pas ce qui se passe en lui I don't don't what's got into him, come over him
Qu'est-ce qui s'est passé ? What happened?
Tout s'est bien passé

Everything went smoothly, without a hitch